Water wells are excavations constructed in the earth for accessing groundwater that underground aquifers contain. Many techniques are used to make the excavation, including boring, drilling, digging, and driving. Mechanical or manual means may be used during excavation. Containers are used to draw water by hand or pumps may be installed to pump groundwater out. When there is need for water well services TX should be among the first locations to check out.
According to historic evidence, the first well was constructed over eight thousand years ago. The structures varied widely in sophistication with some comprising of simple scoops constructed on dry watercourses. Conversely, others incorporated a high level of sophistication and size that they powered civilizations and livelihood in various ancient cities. Some major examples of sophisticated wells include the ganats of Persia and the shadoofs, sakiehs, and Stepwells of India.
There are many types of wells in existence today. Major examples are dug, driven, and drilled wells. Dug wells dominated most ancient civilizations and life. They were pumpless and and supplied people with potable water. Today, they are still being constructed in many places around the world, especially in rural areas.
Well hole structure is used for the construction of driven wells. A screen and hardened drive point are the main parts of the structure. A driver and tripod are used for hammering the drive point into earth. Pipe sections are then added to this system as needed. Once groundwater is found a pump is installed after all sediment has been washed away.
Drilled wells are constructed through various means. Some of the most commonly used means are use of cable tool drilling machine, table rotary, or top-head rotary. All the three means employ a drilling stem which is turned to form a cutting action in the formation. Excavation may be done by hand or machine. Hand drilling methods include jetting, driving, augering, sludging, and hand percussion. On the other hand, machine drilling methods include percussion, rotary, and hammering.
Two broad categories of drilled wells exist, that is, unconfined/shallow and deep/confined wells. Like the name suggests, shallow wells are only limited to the uppermost aquifer. On the contrary, deep wells are very deep and reach aquifers that are placed between two strata. Another classification of wells bases on what use they are put to. Under these classification, the two key categories are monitoring and production/pumping wells.
The excavation process should only be started after certain factors have been determined first. These factors include depth of the water table, recharge area, seasonal fluctuations, rate, and geology. Hydrogeologists or groundwater surveyors are the ones who do the job of determining these factors. Methods and tools used to find these factors include geologic maps, electro-seismic surveying, and geophysical imaging.
Affordable potable groundwater is often supplied by shallow wells in many places. However, they also pose health risks because of contamination. There are many waterborne diseases that can be spread through contaminated wells. For that reason, in the United States, driven and dug wells have bee marked unreliable.
According to historic evidence, the first well was constructed over eight thousand years ago. The structures varied widely in sophistication with some comprising of simple scoops constructed on dry watercourses. Conversely, others incorporated a high level of sophistication and size that they powered civilizations and livelihood in various ancient cities. Some major examples of sophisticated wells include the ganats of Persia and the shadoofs, sakiehs, and Stepwells of India.
There are many types of wells in existence today. Major examples are dug, driven, and drilled wells. Dug wells dominated most ancient civilizations and life. They were pumpless and and supplied people with potable water. Today, they are still being constructed in many places around the world, especially in rural areas.
Well hole structure is used for the construction of driven wells. A screen and hardened drive point are the main parts of the structure. A driver and tripod are used for hammering the drive point into earth. Pipe sections are then added to this system as needed. Once groundwater is found a pump is installed after all sediment has been washed away.
Drilled wells are constructed through various means. Some of the most commonly used means are use of cable tool drilling machine, table rotary, or top-head rotary. All the three means employ a drilling stem which is turned to form a cutting action in the formation. Excavation may be done by hand or machine. Hand drilling methods include jetting, driving, augering, sludging, and hand percussion. On the other hand, machine drilling methods include percussion, rotary, and hammering.
Two broad categories of drilled wells exist, that is, unconfined/shallow and deep/confined wells. Like the name suggests, shallow wells are only limited to the uppermost aquifer. On the contrary, deep wells are very deep and reach aquifers that are placed between two strata. Another classification of wells bases on what use they are put to. Under these classification, the two key categories are monitoring and production/pumping wells.
The excavation process should only be started after certain factors have been determined first. These factors include depth of the water table, recharge area, seasonal fluctuations, rate, and geology. Hydrogeologists or groundwater surveyors are the ones who do the job of determining these factors. Methods and tools used to find these factors include geologic maps, electro-seismic surveying, and geophysical imaging.
Affordable potable groundwater is often supplied by shallow wells in many places. However, they also pose health risks because of contamination. There are many waterborne diseases that can be spread through contaminated wells. For that reason, in the United States, driven and dug wells have bee marked unreliable.
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